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chapter5.7g
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à 5.7èThe Infinitive
ä:èIn the sentences in the Example, underline the
êêïinfinitives.
âS:
#êëI want ╕to go╗ to the park.ï╕
#êë╕To hide╗ is scary.
#êëMy mission in life is ╕to fail╗.
#êëI have accepted the challenge ╕to fight╗.ï╕
#êë╕╗╕To succeed╗, you must first finish this assignment.
éS An infinitive is called a verbal because the last one of the two
#words in any infinitive is the base form of the verb.ïThe word ╖to ╗is
the first word of any infinitive.ïThus there are as many infinitives as
there are base form verbs.ïBut infinitives, like all verbals, do not
act as verbs.ïWhereas gerunds act as nouns, and participles act as
adjectives, infinitives act as nouns (subject, direct object, predicate
noun) adjectives, and adverbs.ïExamples of infinitives used as nouns
#are as follows: In ╖To study is my purpose in life,╗ the infinitive ╖to
#╖study╗ is the subject of the verb form ╖is╗.ïIn ╖I deserve to live╗,
#the infinitive ╖to live╗ is the direct object of the verb ╖deserve╗.ïIn
#╖His task was to whistle╗, the infinitive ╖to whistle╗ is the predicate
#noun following the linking verb ╖was╗ and tells what is the ╖task╗.
#Some examples of infinitives used as adjectives are as follows.ïIn╖ The
#╖topic to research is etymology, to research╗ modifies the noun ╖topic╗
#and is thus used as an adjective that answers the question ╖Which╗?ïIf
#you have trouble understanding this concept, put ╖research╗ in front of
#╖topic╗.ïIf it makes sense being placed there (╖the research topic is
#╖entomology╗), then it functions as an adjective, as it does here.ïIn
#╖Ted has the drive to win, to win╗ also acts as an adjective, modifying
#the noun ╖drive╗, and answers the question ╖What kind╗?ïFinally, infi-
#nitives can be used as adverbs.ïIn ╖Anxious to return, General Mac
#╖Arthur said goodby╖e to his troops, to return╗ is an infinitive used
#as an adverb modifying the adjective ╖anxious╗.ïIt answers the question
#╖In what manner╗?ïOr in ╖To draw, one must have the proper utensils, to
#╖draw╗ is an infinitive acting as an adverb modifying the verb ╖have╗
#and answering the question ╖Under what condition╗?
1.èWhich one of the following sentences contains an
infinitive?
A)ïTo flee or not to flee, that is the question.
B)ïShe walked to the trap door.
C)ïNext to the entrance hall was an exposed electrical cord.
D)ïå
ü
#êïBoth times ╢to flee╗ is used as an infinitive.ïIn the other
#sentences, ╖to the trap door╗ and ╖to the entrance hall ╗are prep-
#ositional phrases beginning with the preposition ╖to.╗ïTo be an
#infinitive, ╖to╗ must precede the base form of a verb.ïOtherwise ╖to
will be part of a prepositional phrase.
Ç A
2.èWhich one of the following sentences contains an
infinitive used as a noun, specifically the subject?
A)ïHe wants to leave.
B)ïTo escape is futile.
C)ïHis decision is to stay.
D)ïå
ü
#êï╢To escape╗ is an infinitive used as a noun.ïIt is the subject
#of the verb form ╢is.╗ïThe other sentences also have infinitives used a
#nouns.ï╖To leave ╗functions as the direct object of the verb form ╖
#╖wants╗, and ╖to stay ╗is a predicate noun following the linking verb ╖
#╖is╗ and referring to the subject, the noun, ╖decision╗.
Ç B
3.èWhich one of the following sentences contains an infinitive
used as a noun, specifically the direct object?
A)ïI am determined to win.
B)ïTo object would not make any sense.
C)ïIn the hideout, her fear was to cough.
D)ïå
#üè╢To win╗ is an infinitive used as a noun; it is the direct
#object of the past participle ╢determined╗, the main verb.ïThe other
#sentences also have infinities used as nouns.ï╖To object╗ is the sub-
#ject of the verb phrase ╖would make,╗ and ╖to cough╗ is a predicate nou
#following the linking verb ╖was╗ and referring to the noun ╖fear╗, the
subject.
Ç A
4.èWhich one of the following sentences contains an infinitive
used as a noun, specifically a predicate noun?
A)ïThere is no doubt that they desire to cheat.
B)ïTo sign would be foolish.
C)ïMy only hope is to retreat.
D)ïå
ü
#êï╢To retreat╗ is an infinitive used as a predicate noun coming
#after the linking verb form ╢is╗ and referring to the noun ╢hope╗, the
subject.ïThe other sentences also have infinitives used as nouns:
#╖to cheat ╗functions as the direct object of the verb ╖desire╗, and ╖to
#╖sign ╗is the subject of the verb phrase ╖would be.
Ç C
5.èWhich one of the following sentences contains an infinitive
used as an adjective?
A)ïThe opportunity to succeed is great.
B)ïWho once said that "to forgive" is "divine?"
C)ïMy conscience has told me to return.
D)ïå
ü
#êï╢To succeed ╗is an infinitive acting as an adjective modifying
#the noun ╢opportunity.ï╗It answers the question ╢What kind?╗ïIn the
#other sentences, the infinitives act as nouns.ï╖To forgive ╗is the
#subject of the verb form ╖is, ╗and ╖to return ╗is the direct object of
#the verb phrase ╖has told.
Ç A
6.èWhich one of the following sentences contains an infinitive
used as an adjective?
A)ïHis goal has always been to learn.
B)ïAre they sure that the urge to cry is inborn?
C)ïI wish to pray.
D)ïå
#üè╢To cry╗ is an infinitive used as an adjective modifying the
#noun ╢urge╗.ïIt answers the question ╢What kind of?╗╗ïThe other sen-
#tences contain infinitives acting as nouns.ï╖To learn╗ is a predicate
#noun following the linking verb ╖been╗ and referring to the noun
#╖goals, ╗the subject of the verb phrase ╖has been╖.ïTo pray ╗is the
#direct object of the verb ╖wish.
Ç B
7.èWhich one of the following sentences contains an infinitive
used as an adverb?
A)ïHe mistrusted his response to fire.
B)ïTo sue, you must first consult your lawyer.
C)ïWe try to forget.
D)ïå
#üè╢To sue╗ is an infinitive used as an adverb modifying the verb
#╢consult╗.ïIt answers the question ╢Under what condition?╗ïIn another
#sentence, ╖to fire ╗is an infinitive used as an adjective modifying the
#noun ╖response.╗ïIn the remaining sentence, ╖to forget ╗is an
infinitive acting as a noun, specifically the direct object of the
#verb ╖try╗.
Ç B
8.èWhich one of the following sentences contains an infinitive
used as an adverb?
A)ïThis is impossible to figure.
B)ïThe play to choose is found at the beginning of the book.
C)ïHe demands to retire.
D)ïå
#üè╢To figure╗ is an infinitive used as an adverb modifying the
#adjective ╢impossible ╗and answering the question ╢In what manner?ï╗In
#another sentence, ╖to choose ╗is an infinitive used as an adjective
#modifying the noun ╖play╗.ïIn the remaining sentence, ╖to retire╗ is an
infinitive used as a noun, specifically the direct object of the verb
#╖demand╗.
Ç A
9.èWhich one of the following sentences contains an infinitive
used as an adverb?
A)ïTo graduate will be hard for him.
B)ïThe option to buy was forcefully presented.
C)ïThe assistant was ready to help.
D)ïå
ü
#êï╢To help╗ is an infinitive acting as an adverb modifying the
#adjective ╢ready.╗ïIn another sentence, ╖to graduate╗ is a noun,
#specifically the subject of the verb phrase ╖will be.╗ïIn the remaining
#sentence, ╖to buy ╗is an infinitive used as an adjective modifying the
#noun ╖option.
Ç C